WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT USING WATER QUALITY INDEX: A CASE OF THE RAY RIVER, VIETNAM
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Abstract
Received: 18/4/2021 The Ray River is a critical surface water system which serves for domestic, industrial and agricultural activities running through Dong Nai province, and Ba Ria Vung Tau province, located in Southeast region in Vietnam. The water quality of the river has increasingly gained attention among scholars due to seriously threatened by effluents from diverse activities such as recreational area, domestic activities, industrial zone and pig farming, as well as fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural activities. In this study, we aim at evaluation of the surface water quality in the Ray River using water quality index (WQI) proposed and at determination of crucial parameters among 13 physicochemical ones. These include temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium (NH4-N), nitrate (NO3-N), nitrite (NO2N), phosphate (PO4-P), total suspended solids (TSS), iron (Fe), permanganate index (CODMn), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total coliform. Sampling was carried out four period of times (March, June, October, and December) in 2019, in two different seasons, dry season and rainy season, at 10 locations spreading from upstream to downstream of the river. As a result, the water quality at the M2, M3 (in dry season) and M2, M9, M10 (in rainy season) locations were found to be the most polluted. Water quality index in dry season was significantly higher than that in the rainy season. Thus, water quality assessment is significant for better control and management of the surface water environment in Vietnam. Revised: 14/5/2021