Top Research Papers on Gender Equality

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the depoliticizing effects of managerial public governance reforms on gender equality policy. It combines two dimensions of depoliticization: the denial of gendered power relations and the denial of political interests, ideologies, and related conflicts. The article focuses on a recent strategic governance reform in Finland, considering the context specificity of governance reforms as well as how they are connected to “management fashions.” The article shows how the implementation of strategic governance has intensified ongoing shifts in the position, scope, and ...

Life expectancy (LE) depends on the wider determinants of health, many of which have gendered effects worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether gender equality was associated with LE for women and men and the gender gap in LE across the globe. Gender equality in 156 countries was estimated using a modified global gender gap index (mGGGI), based on the index developed by the World Economic Forum between 2010 and 2021. Linear regression was used to investigate the association between the mGGGI and its economic, political, and education subindices and the gender gap in LE and ...

This article presents a study of publicly available Svenskt översättarlexikon ‘The Swedish Encyclopaedia of Translators’ (SwET 2009), most probably the first digital encyclopaedia of translators. The study is situated in the fields of the sociology of translators, (literary) translator studies, and translation history, and focuses on how female translators are described, characterized and evaluated in the version of SwET from 2022. Three research questions are addressed in the paper: (1) What is the ratio of entries presenting female and male translators in the SwET? (2) What is the quantitati...

Gender equality and fragility are inextricably linked. Addressing issues of gender inequality in fragile contexts requires systematic approaches that work through the complexity of fragility. It requires contextual understanding of social norms, political sensitivities, environmental concerns, and other risks that continue to perpetuate fragility. As part of the 2020 States of Fragility series, this working paper unpacks the deep‑rooted linkages between gender inequalities and fragility; provides an analysis of gender within the current OECD Fragility Framework; and looks to areas of improveme...

Abstract Cultural backlash research explains voting for populist radical right (PRR) parties mostly by socioeconomic factors and anti-immigration attitudes, neglecting the role of gender values. This study addresses this gap by arguing that gender issue salience triggers backlash against liberalising gender values, resulting in PRR votes by people with conservative gender values. This is tested in the gender-equal context of Sweden by analysing national elections data from 2014 to 2018, comparing voting behaviour before and after a period marked by strong gender issue salience. The study demon...

Although the concepts of gender equality in Islam are continuously debated in many Muslim communities due to its patriarchal system in running family life, there are new discourses over gender equality proposed by Muslim scholars to reconstruct old Islamic jurist’s views of gender perspective in Muslim family life in which they come up with the concept of equality of gender order in Islam which is in line with the gender perspective in global context that upholds the rights and justices for all gender identity. This research will examine the construction of gender equality in Islamic teaching ...

At the Mail&Guardian, we exist in a cocoon. Always have done, in fact. The reason the newspaper took so easily to a woman editor is that female leadership is in its DNA. It's also a PC newspaper, so it's always valued gender equity and practised it, though some of my sisters at the newspaper may not always agree.

In this review article, we argue that the transformations related to the modernisation of Portuguese society triggered by the implementation of democracy did not fully accommodate gender equality. In particular, when we consider the areas where the most progress has been made in keeping with a broadly shared urge for modernisation, education and science; whereas women have contributed to boosting the Portuguese population’s level of education, thus inverting the worst legacy of the dictatorship and developing scientific research, gender inequalities are still visible in highly qualified profes...

Findings in several domains have documented a gender-equality paradox, where greater social and economic gender equality predicts increased gender differentiation. Many of these findings have used subjective rating scales and thus have been dismissed as artifactual due to different reference groups in more versus less gender-equal societies. Although recent research has documented the gender-equality paradox using an objective criterion—pursuit of degrees in STEM—the robustness of this finding has also been challenged. The current investigation offers evidence for the gender-equality paradox u...

The objectives of the Gender Equality Plan for Kozminski University are based on the results of the University’s Diagnosis, which comprised a quantitative and qualitative study with the participation of the University’s academic and administrative staff. It is also the result of consultations and experiences shared with the University’s authorities and is part of the Kozminski University Sustainability Transition Strategy. This work allowed us to formulate five GEP objectives, which are presented below. Each objective is linked to particular activities, indicators

This article offers a broad review of gender justice jurisprudence in India between 1993 and 2022. In analysing some of the landmark judgements on women's rights in the intervening years, the authors find the judicial approach to gender equality uneven and at times, conflicting. Despite the significant advancements in the jurisprudence of gender equality and dignity, discrimination and inequality persist on a staggering scale. The article argues for the continued importance of subjecting equality jurisprudence to feminist critical inquiry, which pays attention to the deeper structural and syst...

This chapter reviews the contributions of the Global Early Adolescent Study (GEAS), a multi-national longitudinal study of disadvantaged urban populations, beginning in the critical early adolescent period.We highlight tools developed to capture gendered dynamics among adolescents, including empowerment and perceptions of gender norms. Initial data collected for the GEAS have contributed to several cross-national findings about adolescent well-being to date. The chapter also outlines the GEAS global research network’s experiences and challenges implementing longitudinal survey research with vu...

Studies advancing the hypothesis of a "gender-equality paradox" have found that societies with more gender equality demonstrate larger gender differences across a range of phenomena. In doing so, they rely on that practice of predicting an algebraic difference score-calculated from mean scores for men and women across a set of countries-with an index of gender equality or some related concept. We argue that direct difference score predictions of this type are impossible to interpret because very different combinations of constituents-mean scores of men and women and properties of these means-c...

While gender is the genetic, physiological, and biological characteristics of a person as a woman or a man, gender is the social identity roles with the personality features that are formed by the social and cultural evaluation of the differences between men and women. Gender is a term that relates to how society sees, perceives, thinks, and wants a person to behave as a man or a woman. Socialization is a process by which a person becomes a part of society and gains identity and gender stereotypes. Gender equality means that women and men have equal rights before the law, treated equally, and ...

Menstrual leave is one of the latest developments in Spanish law. By amending their labour law in order to recognize the right to menstrual leave, Spanish legislators have brought this topic back into the spotlight of European labour law. Although recognized in various legislations around the world, most notably in Asia, the right to menstrual leave has not been established as an international labour law standard. Therefore, there are many open questions concerning its recognition, the content of the legal institute, as well as the consequences of its introduction into the labour legislation. ...

Gender equality reforms implemented across various parliaments around the world have diversified. Introducing the thematic issue Gender Equality Reforms in Parliaments, we trace the context of making parliamentary institutions more gender-sensitive. We highlight both international organizations’ top-down efforts and grassroots movements’ bottom-up approaches and emphasize the complexities of descriptive, substantive, and symbolic representation. We argue that next to the broader setting, feminist institutionalism provided a critical lens to examine these relationships while acknowledging the n...

Drawing on data from an ethnographic study of the introduction and implementation of a flexible work policy intended in part to improve gender equality at a STEM professional organization, I develop grounded theory on how managers’ gender shapes their implementation of such initiatives. I identify an equality policy paradox in which women managers, who openly support gender equality, are more likely than men managers to limit the policy. This apparent contradiction between intentions and actions is reconciled through an interactional role-based mechanism. Specifically, in this setting women ma...

Summary Summary Summary Summary There are many gendered patterns in the use of space, but planning policy tends to ignore the fact that men and women use space differently. This paper argues that this has resulted in built environments that often disadvantage women and do not meet their needs. From 2007, new legislation in the form of the Gender Equality Duty required public authorities involved in planning and regeneration to take gender equality into consideration. The paper outlines the Duty and draws on ongoing research to reflect on some examples where gender is being taken into account i...

This paper provides an overview of the relation between tax policy and gender equality, covering labor, capital and wealth, as well as consumption taxes. It considers implicit and explicit gender biases and corrective taxation. On labor taxes, we discuss the well-established findings on female labor supply and present new empirical work on the impact of household taxation. We also analyze the impact of progressivity on pay gaps and labor supply. On capital and wealth taxation, we discuss the implications of lower effective capital income taxation on the personal income tax burden gap across ge...

What is the impact of extractive industries such as oil, gas, and mining on gender equality? We seek to answer this question. A correlational analysis of cross-country data indicates that resource-dependent countries generally have greater gender inequality, lower education levels for men and women, lower absolute female welfare, and more conservative attitudes toward women. To further explore the relationship between extractive industries and gender equality, we review the empirical literature on extractive industries and their gender-specific effects. The literature review reveals that extra...

This paper discusses gender equality concerns within higher education, politics and examines the gender related policies introduced in Kosovo. Gender differences emerge in primary and secondary education partly because traditional gender roles and stereotypes tend to be reproduced in schools. These differences are then reflected in and further strengthened by the choices made and opportunities open to women and men at the higher levels of education and vocational training. Therefore, it is important to examine whether and how Kosovo attempt to combat these inequalities. Kosovo have designed po...

Lithuania, as a part of the former Soviet Union, has a long ‐ standing history of perceived equality for women in the workplace. Women played an equal role in economic production as it was a constitutional expectation that all citizens had both a right and an obligation to work. Consequently, at the time of independence in 1990 the levels of participation of women in the workplace including at managerial and professional levels were much higher than other western European countries. In architecture, women achieved parity in terms of numbers, but this equality did not transfer into all aspects ...

Using the systemic, structural and contrastive linguistic theories as base of analysis, the paper identifies and explicates eighteen English-translated Yoruba proverbs associated with women and brings out their inadequacies with regard to gender prejudice against the female race. Out of the eighteen, fourteen are found to be gender-biased while only four of them are gender-neutral and can apply to both sexes. From the foregoing, it suggests the second versions of these proverbs that cater for the gender not represented in the first set. Thus, the paper is able to prove that the same set of pro...

Abstract Purpose This study will look at the relationship between norms on gender equality on the one hand and the level of gender equality in the political and socioeconomic sphere, the presence or absence of armed conflict, and general peacefulness on the other. Design/methodology/approach Data on gender equality norms from the World Values Surveys, political and socioeconomic gender equality from the Global Gender Gap Index, armed conflict from the Uppsala Conflict Data Base, and general peacefulness from the Global Peace Index are analyzed in a bivariate correlation. Findings ...

This study aims to understand how goals of activation and gender equality interact in labor market programs directed towards activating unemployed participants. The study draws on interviews with 28 social workers and managers at four Swedish municipally governed labor market programs typically targeted towards poor, unemployed individuals with little to no attachment to the labor market or social insurance system. Our findings show that activation goals are understood to be clear cut and a dominant logic within the labor market programs. The gender equality goals are understood as fuzzy and s...

Large projects financed by the EU are always evaluated. But are these evaluations looking for long-term effects? It is no simple task to capture effects of programmes and projects. One reason is that these effects may be of many different kinds - unexpected, non-intended, surprising, hidden and sometimes outside the goal area. Capturing these types of effects has proved to be very important in assessing the value of the programmes.This book describes the results of a number of analyses of development work in large projects and programmes - in organisations, at the regional level, in national p...

How important are gender issues in international relations and world politics? The various events taking place in different parts of the world today have led to the inclusion of women in world politics not only as an active subject (in governance, peacekeeping, economic processes), but also as an important object of social relations. It has also become a requirement of the time to focus on women's issues in economic, social and political relations as a segment of the population in need of social protection due to poverty, internal conflicts, diseases, economic and political crises. At the same...

This study examined gender equality and the International Maritime Organization (IMO’s) impact in consideration to Mauritius climate justice. Women are directly, severely and inversely affected by climate change yet they are typically overlooked, sidelined and neglected. Women are intensely affected by climate change based on its impacts on agriculture, natural disasters, and climate change induced migrations because of social roles, discriminations and poverty. They are not only victims but also powerful agents and actors of change, and possess specific knowledge and skills to effectively con...

Corporations address gender equality issues in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainable development. As in other areas of CSR, various standards, certifications, and similar initiatives have been proposed to promote gender equality. Despite an increasing number of self‐regulation and signaling schemes being proposed, their study has been overlooked by the scholarly literature. This article tries to shed light on these standards through a two‐stage exploratory study. First, the main worldwide initiatives that focus on gender equality standards are scrutinized and map...

Higher education and research are key instruments for empowerment and social change. Universities can be powerful institutions for promoting gender equality, diversity and inclusion, not only in the higher education context, but also in society at large. Nevertheless, universities remain both gendered and gendering organizations (Rosa, Drew, & Canavan, 2020). The persistence of gender imbalances and pay gaps at both the top and the bottom levels of the academic hierarchy; gender segregation across academic disciplines and activities; the lack of integration of gender perspectives in teaching a...

This study focuses on the concept of gender equality in education, examining the role of national and European Union legislation, as well as international frameworks like the United Nations' CEDAW, in promoting gender parity. The research analyzes the structural causes of gender inequalities and discrimination, highlighting how societal norms and individual stories about gender contribute to these disparities. Special attention is given to barriers in achieving educational equity, considering both access to education and the learning process itself. Additionally, the study explores the signifi...

Schools are critical institutions for transforming students' perspectives, especially gender-biased actions. Thus, gender-neutral schools that serve a strategic role and function in educating pupils for their multi-intelligence grow effectively without being bound by often gender-biased social beliefs. One of education's objectives is to teach students how to establish a just society free of gender discrimination. However, in practice, overcoming discrimination in education needs a number of measures, one of which is developing an education system based on gender equality. This study uses a qu...

The Urological Society of India took birth in an era when few women chose a career in medicine, let alone a surgical subspecialty that included the management of diseases involving the male genitalia.

: In this review article, we argue that the transformations related to the modernisation of Portuguese society triggered by the implementation of democracy did not fully accommodate gender equality. In particular, when we consider the areas where the most progress has been made in keeping with a broadly shared urge for modernisation, education and science; whereas women have contributed to boosting the Portuguese population’s level of education, thus inverting the worst legacy of the dictatorship and developing scientific research, gender inequalities are still visible in highly qualified profes...

Operational approaches by governments and development agencies have not yet been successful in closing gaps between men and women in key areas of economic empowerment, and in preventing and responding to gender-based violence. In 2012 a group of like-minded partners came together with the World Bank Group to establish the Umbrella Facility for Gender Equality (UFGE), a multi-donor trust fund aimed at developing innovative, evidence-based solutions to learn what works and what does not work to close gaps. As of the end of fiscal year 2019 (FY19), the UFGE had supported 183 grant activities in n...

Gender is a topic that is always interesting to discuss, ranging from the problems in implementing gender equality anywhere and anytime, the pros and cons between supporters and opponents of gender, to the view of how religion views gender equality. The occurrence of violence against women makes gender equality campaigns always echoed by women activists, so that women have equal rights in all aspects of life. History records how in the Kartini era, women were considered as sidekicks with 3M tasks (macak, cook, manak), cultural values ​​that greatly influenced the roles of women and men in the ...

The article concerns measuring gender equality in Latin American countries based on statistics from international (WEF, OECD, ILO, UNESCO) and regional (UNECLAC) organizations and national statistical services, as well as various gender inequality indices (GGI, SIGI). Gender equality is seen as one of the goals of sustainable development, and gender inequality – as a brake on its path. The study is conducted within institutional approach, since institutions are formal and informal restrictions accepted in society and determine the scale and factors of gender inequality. Particular attention is...

A substantial number of studies show that increased gender equality is one important factor behind getting corruption under control. Men are hugely overrepresented in serious criminality and since most corruption is illegal, we should expect the same gender bias in this area. Also, impartiality in the exercise of public power has a powerful effect on lowering corruption and meritocracy and gender equality will increase competence in the public administration. This implies that there is a causal link between impartiality, gender equality, and control of corruption. Going from these results to p...

The author interviewed nine high-ranking businesswomen in India. The interviews gave him a different perspective on the question of gender equality. The argument for women’s participation is neither about the democratic principle of equal opportunity – in numerical terms, nor is it about making use of the full managerial talent available in the country/world. The present day solutions are based on these two woefully inadequate premises. When women do not participate at the highest levels it means our business world is losing an entire feminine perspective to imagination, ideation, planning, te...

ABSTRACT The received view is that Yunjidang’s feminist philosophy focuses on female sagehood, drawing on the theory of the equal human nature of women and men. I argue that there is much more to it than that, and that her views are anchored in and a development of Mengzi’s philosophy. She creatively interpreted and extended his philosophy, adopting the neo-Confucian metaphysics of the One and the Many. She argued not just for the potential but for the actual gender equality of women and men. In addition, she laid the groundwork for a gender inclusive virtue ethics. Showing as much requires un...

Abstract There is a research gap on understanding gender equality issues in the OR discipline, and on the role of gender in OR participation and career progression. We apply a gender lens to the literature on the history of OR, reflecting on the origins of OR, the OR community, and the theory, methods and practice of OR. A gender lens aims to uncover hidden gender dimensions to bring gender issues into sharper focus. The review shows that women are largely invisible in the recorded history of OR. We use a survey instrument to capture the current OR community and extract insights on their caree...

This chapter considers different dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address the problem. The economic benefits of gender equality for growth and wealth are substantial. Despite progress being made, gender gaps still exist at every stage of life, including before birth, and negatively impact health, education, and economic achievements. The roadmap to gender equality involves legal framework reforms, policies to promote equal access to health, education, and jobs, and efforts to change social norms. They need to be set in the context of arisi...

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Preface Introduction: capabilities, challenges, and the omnipresence of political liberalism Martha C. Nussbaum Part I. The Capabilities Approach: 1. Perfectionist liberalism and political liberalism Martha C. Nussbaum 2. Rawlsian social-contract theory and the severely disabled Henry S. Richardson 3. Logos, pathos and ethos in Martha C. Nussbaum's capabilities approach to human development Des Gasper 4. Building capabilities: a new paradigm for human development Flavio Comim 5. Capabilities or functionings? Anatomy of a debate Marc Fleurbaey 6. From humans to all of life: Nussbaum's transform...

The study of descriptive representation is key in projects that aim to understand and further gender equality. But what does it mean to achieve gender equality in descriptive representation? And how can descriptive equality be measured and understood? Gender and politics scholarship contends that gender equality is about more than counting women and men in elected assemblies. Concerns related to power, agency, and intersectionality should equally be addressed. This chapter engages with these challenges by going back to the conceptual roots of descriptive representation. Based on a re-reading o...

Introduction Life expectancy (LE) depends on the wider determinants of health, which have different impact in women and men. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether gender equality was correlated with LE in women and men. Methods Gender equality in the 27 European Union (EU) member states between 2010 and 2019 was estimated using a modified Gender Equality Index (mGEI), based on the index developed by the European Institute for Gender Equality. The correlation between this mGEI and LE and the gender gap in LE was calculated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results Between...

Standard University (I am making this up) wanted to make sure it was admitting students in a way that's fair to males and females. So SU told its two departments, A and B, that the proportion of male and female acceptances must be the same as the proportion of male and female applicants. Department A had 100 male and 100 female applicants. It could accept only 100 new students, so it accepted 50 males and 50 females; it accepted 50% of the male applicants, and 50% of the female applicants, fulfilling its obligation. Department B had 100 male and 900 female applicants. It could accept only 100 ...

This chapter covers the state of the art in theory and evidence on the relationship between gender, gender equality, and corruption. Starting with the theoretical assumptions that link individuals’ gender to the likelihood to engage in corruption, the chapter covers the four mechanisms proposed throughout the literature for expecting women to engage less: gender role socialization, power marginalization, the greater importance of an effective state for women’s self-determination, and the tendency to hold women to higher standards. From here, the chapter reviews additional societal-level theori...

Although women make up 77% of the healthcare workforce, gender inequality remains a problem in the NHS, and women continue to be under-represented at senior levels. For example, only 37% of the members of clinical commissioning group governing bodies are women.

The author interviewed nine high-ranking businesswomen in India. The interviews gave him a different perspective on the question of gender equality. The argument for women’s participation is neither about the democratic principle of equal opportunity – in numerical terms, nor is it about making use of the full managerial talent available in the country/world. The present day solutions are based on these two woefully inadequate premises. When women do not participate at the highest levels it means our business world is losing an entire feminine perspective to imagination, ideation, planning, te...