Top Research Papers on Physics

The Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment of the physical science basis of climate change. It considers in situ and remote observations; paleoclimate information; understanding of climate drivers and physical, chemical, and biological processes and feedbacks; global and regional climate modelling; advances in methods of analyses; and insights from climate services. It assesses the current state of the climate; human influence on climate in all regions; future climate change includi...

: TAE Technologies, Inc. (TAE) is dedicated to the advancement of fusion power by pursuing an alternative approach to magnetic confinement fusion: a neutral-beam driven, field-reversed configuration (FRC). FRCs are high-beta, compact toroid with no toroidal magnetic field. The geometric and magnetic simplicity of the configuration offers a promising path to clean, safe, and economically viable fusion. The central focus of TAE's experimental program is the C-2W experiment, the world's largest FRC device. This fourth-generation device was designed to achieve a set of milestones, namely the susta...

The state-of-the-art architectures and their applications are reviewed, limitations are discussed, and future research opportunities are presented in terms of improving algorithms, considering causalities, expanding applications, and coupling scientific and deep learning solvers.

It is demonstrated that finetuning MPP-trained models results in more accurate predictions across multiple time-steps on systems with previously unseen physical components or higher dimensional systems compared to training from scratch or finetuning pretrained video foundation models.

The third edition of this successful textbook has been redesigned to reflect the progress of the field in the last decade, including the latest studies of the Higgs boson, quark–gluon plasma, progress in flavour and neutrino physics and the discovery of gravitational waves. It provides undergraduate students with complete coverage of the basic elements of the Standard Model of particle physics, assuming only introductory courses in nuclear physics, special relativity and quantum mechanics. Examples of fundamental experiments are highlighted before discussions of the theory, giving students an ...

A critical review of the four neural network frameworks used in scientific computing research is presented, providing researchers and engineers with a solid starting point to comprehend how to integrate different layers of physics into neural networks.

Results from a four-fold cross-validation study show that the proposed physics-informed machine learning models are capable of improving the estimation accuracy of cell capacity and the state of three primary degradation modes by over 50% compared to a purely data-driven approach.

3M ™ Novec ™ 1230 Fire Protection Fluid is a next-generation halon alternative offering outstanding performance, large margin of safety, and an excellent environmental profile. • Zero ozone depletion potential • 5-day atmospheric lifetime • A global warming potential of 1 • A large margin of safety for occupied spaces Novec 1230 Fire Protection Fluid is based on a proprietary chemical from 3M called a fluoroketone. The full chemical name for this compound is dodecafluoro-2-methylpentan-3-one. Its ASHRAE nomenclature – the way it is designated in the NFPA 2001 and ISO 14520 clean agent standard...

PART 1. FUNDAMENTALS OF PLASMA PHYSICS AND PLASMA CHEMISTRY. CHAPTER 1. Introduction CHAPTER 2. ELEMENTARY PROCESSES OF CHARGED SPECIES IN PLASMA. 2.1. Elementary Charged Particles In Plasma, And Their Elastic And Inelastic Collisions. 2.2. Ionization Processes. 2.3. Mechanisms Of Electron Losses: The Electron-Ion Recombination. 2.4. The Electron Losses Due To Formation Of Negative Ions: Electron Attachment And Detachment Processes. 2.5. The Ion-Ion Recombination Processes. 2.6. The Ion-Molecular Reactions. 2.7. Problems and Concept Questions. CHAPTER 3. ELEMENTARY PROCESSES OF EXCITED MOLECUL...

We review recent developments in charm physics, focusing on the physics of charmed mesons. We discuss recent progress in charm spectroscopy and the multitude of mesonic and baryonic exotic states containing charm quarks. We review searches for new physics with charmed mesons with rare decays. We also touch upon recent theoretical and experimental progress in searches for CP-violation in charm decays and the status of $$D^0-\overline{D}{}^0$$ D 0 - D ¯ 0 mixing.

The purpose of this paper is to urge public health and medical professionals not to forget the importance of physical activity to whole-person health, recognize the need for physical activity as a potential COVID-19 mitigation strategy and to serve as advocates for promoting active lifestyles.

Physical systems characterized by a shallow two-body bound or virtual state are governed at large distances by continuous scale invariance, which is broken into discrete scale invariance when three...

Despite its apparent complexity, our world seems to be governed by simple laws of physics. This volume provides a philosophical introduction to such laws. I explain how they are connected to some of the central issues in philosophy, such as ontology, possibility, explanation, induction, counterfactuals, time, determinism, and fundamentality. I suggest that laws are fundamental facts that govern the world by constraining its physical possibilities. I examine three hallmarks of laws--simplicity, exactness, and objectivity--and discuss whether and how they may be associated with laws of physics.

High-energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will generate a substantial flux of particles along the beam collision axis that current LHC experiments cannot access. Multi-particle production in the far-forward region is particularly relevant to astroparticle physics. High-energy cosmic rays initiate extensive air showers (EASs) in the atmosphere, driven by hadron-ion collisions at low momentum transfer in the non-perturbative regime of QCD. Therefore, understanding high-energy hadronic interactions in the forward region is essential for interpreting EAS data and...

A corpus of example data physicalizations from research literature and physicalization practice is developed, with the aim of identifying ways that researchers, artists, and industry practitioners “render” physicalizations using digital design and fabrication tools.

I provide an account of the physical appropriate to the task of the physicalist while remaining faithful to the usage of “physical” natural to physicists. Physicalism is the thesis that everything in the world is physical, or reducible to the physical. I presuppose that some version of this position is a live epistemic possibility. The physicalist is confronted with Hempel’s dilemma: that physicalism is either false or contentless. The proposed account of the physical avoids both horns and generalizes a recent proposal by Vicente (2011). My account defines physicalism as the thesis that the...

Aided by personal documents and institutional archives that were closed for decades, this book recounts the development of physics - or, more aptly, science under stress - in Soviet Russia up to World War II. Focusing on Leningrad, center of Soviet physics until the late 1930s, Josephson discusses the impact of scientific, cultural, and political revolution on physicists' research and professional aspirations. Political and social revolution in Russia threatened to confound the scientific revolution. Physicists eager to investigate new concepts of space, energy, light, and motion were forced t...

This volume presents, with some amplification, the notes on the lectures on nuclear physics given by Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago in 1949 "The compilers of this publication may be warmly congratulated The scope of this course is amazing: within 240 pages it ranges from the general properties of atomic nuclei and nuclear forces to mesons and cosmic raysThis volume presents, with some amplification, the notes on the lectures on nuclear physics given by Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago in 1949 "The compilers of this publication may be warmly congratulated The scope of this c...

(1) Background: Physical literacy is increasing in popularity across the world as a concept central to the promotion of lifelong engagement in physical activity across a multitude of sectors. The education sector has embraced physical literacy as a concept worthy of focus. Physical literacy literature is bold in its claim that physical literacy should be the foundation of physical education. The objective of this paper was to understand the value of physical literacy as the goal of physical education through the lens of the capability approach; (2) Positioning: This research adopted a post-qua...

This study discusses how Pyisical Education Teachers Educator (PETE) adopt Physical Literacy (PL). Knowledge is the foundation of PL to know what to do and when is the right time to do it. The research has a goal, so that PETE understands the definition of PL. This research study contains 3 stages, the first is determining the objectives of the PL, the second is curriculum planning and the third is the learning approach. The method used is a literature review of several opinions about PL in Physical Education (PE). The national PE curriculum is structured and developed to achieve national educ...

Teaching physics are always challenging tasks. Teachers need to be responsive to their students’ needs. The best tool to utilized is Physics Education Technology (PhET). PhET provides features that support learning and teaching physics, including testing. These feature can be expanded as confirmatory tools for students. To explore and compare the tests result between two groups of students, the quantitative experimental methods was applied. The first group took the test using graph paper and with confirmatory tools. The other group took the test without any tools. The students’ answer were gra...

This work proposes a physics-informed WNO for learning the solution operators of families of parametric PDEs without labeled training data and the efficacy of the framework is validated and illustrated with four nonlinear spatiotemporal systems relevant to various fields of engineering and science.

This Element offers an opinionated and selective introduction to philosophical issues concerning idealizations in physics, including the concept of and reasons for introducing idealization, abstraction, and approximation, possible taxonomy and justification, and application to issues of mathematical Platonism, scientific realism, and scientific understanding.

A concise introduction to the physics of charged macromolecules, from the basics of electrostatics to cutting-edge modern research developments. This accessible book provides a clear and intuitive view of concepts and theory, and features appendices detailing mathematical methodology. Supported by results from real-world experiments and simulations, this book equips the reader with a vital foundation for performing experimental research. Topics include living matter and synthetic materials including polyelectrolytes, polyzwitterions, polyampholytes, proteins, intrinsically disordered proteins,...

Introduction In recent years, there has been a call to restructure physical education (PE) practices and outcomes. A physical literacy enriched pedagogy approach would support this change by more intentional design of lesson planning that includes concurrent development of competence & confidence and inclusion of students of all levels of ability, leading to holistic development of the student. Despite this potential, there is little research to date that outlines PE pedagogical practices with physical literacy as a foundation. The purpose was to explore pedagogical practices and perspectives ...

The Investigative Science Learning Environment approach replaces traditional teaching with active-learning methods that emulate scientific processes.

The ΛCDM model provides a good fit to most astronomical observations but harbors large areas of phenomenology and ignorance. With the improvements in the precision and number of observations, discrepancies between key cosmological parameters of this model have emerged. Among them, the most notable tension is the 4σ to 6σ deviation between the Hubble constant (H0) estimations measured by the local distance ladder and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurement. In this review, we revisit the H0 tension based on the latest research and sort out evidence from solutions to this tension that ...

This work introduces Universal Physics Transformers (UPTs), an efficient and unified learning paradigm for a wide range of spatio-temporal problems, and demonstrates diverse applicability and efficacy of UPTs in mesh-based fluid simulations, and steady-state Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes simulations, and Lagrangian-based dynamics.

Qualitative and quantitative experiments show that the proposed technique reconstructs both physically plausible and more accurate hand-object interaction and estimates plausible contact forces in real-time with a single RGBD sensor.

Gender, education, functional skills, activity and leisure, and health are elements of quality of life that predict the level of physical activity performed by the elderly, where it is necessary to use leisure activities as an indirect way to increase participation in physical activity.

Whilst recognising and advocating for the role and importance of schools and whole school approaches to the promotion of physical activity in schools, this paper argues that physical education (PE) should be at the centre of and driving schools’ efforts to promote physical activity. Various reasons are given for this, with these broadly centring on the unique goal, nature, and responsibilities of the subject with respect to promoting physically active lifestyles and health-related learning. Furthermore, there have been positive strides in recent years to support this endeavour and that serve t...

This work focuses on five fundamental physical principles—conservation, self-adjointness, localization, causality and shift-equivariance—and derive several closed-form solutions and efficient algorithms for the corresponding piDMD optimizations.

Symbolic regression (SR) is the study of algorithms that automate the search for analytic expressions that fit data. While recent advances in deep learning have generated renewed interest in such approaches, the development of SR methods has not been focused on physics, where we have important additional constraints due to the units associated with our data. Here we present Φ-SO, a physical symbolic optimization framework for recovering analytical symbolic expressions from physics data using deep reinforcement learning techniques by learning units constraints. Our system is built, from the gro...

Improvements in the study variables were associated with increased physical activity and it seems necessary to promote healthy lifestyles in physical education lessons, especially during adolescence, as they could serve as a gateway for the improvement of health-related fitness in future generations.

It could be concluded that university students show a satisfactory level of physical activity and physical fitness, however, the results vary due to different factors involved, mostly related to the cultural differences and educational systems in different countries.

This work expands Physics Education Research's conception of computation by constructing an epistemic metamodel -- a model of modeling -- incorporating insights on computational modeling from the philosophy of science and prior work, intended to promote students' agency, creativity and self-expression alongside doing physics.

This review provides information about the current state of knowledge about endocannabinoids and physical effort and also an overview of the studies published in the specialized literature about this subject.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze and compare selected physical fitness, physiological, and psychological variables among boys from government, government- aided, and private schools in the Chennai district. The purpose is to understand how different school environments impact these variables and to provide insights that can inform policy and practice in physical education and health promotion.  Methodology: A sample of 300 boys aged 12-15 years was selected through stratified random sampling, with 100 boys from each school type (government, government-aided, and private schools). Physical ...

Fitness is still an important study in life. The study of physical fitness is still a problem that seems to be currently a polemic among elementary school students. This happens because of a shift in physical activity habits in student life. The purpose of this study was to find out an overview of the impact of a Sport Monopoly Games (SMG) game on students' physical fitness. A total of 105 students spread across the Cimahi City, Indonesia area participated in this research, namely schools in the northern, central and southern regions. The research method uses experiments with research design o...

While the eutrophic older women group showed a remarkable regulation of the systemic inflammatory status with positive associations in the physical parameters assessed, the overweight and obese groups presented impairment regulations of the inflammaging, which could be related to less weekly physical activity and higher body fat.

It is demonstrated that physical skill development and PE significantly impact preschooler’s physical and mental health, which has an important impact on preschoolers’ learning.

It has been found that physical exercise interventions for the elderly significantly impact their physical and cognitive functions and the literature review suggests that physical exercise interventions play a crucial role in maintaining physical and cognitive functions in older adults.

Different barriers, grouped into eight types according to the differentiating factor, are identified, thus showing that disable people’s participation in physical activity is directly related to some specific barriers which seem to differ according to their gender.

Undertaking systematic PA is associated with better quality of life, improves insulin sensitivity, causes additional weight loss, reduces its adverse effects on bone mass and results in better body composition.

The Pearson test showed a significant relationship between physical activity, body mass index and fat mass percentage with physical fitness, and a good determinant of low physical fitness in obese conditions is the percentage of fat mass rather than BMI.

Women and many people of color continue to be minoritized in STEM and notably in physics. We conducted two studies demonstrating that exposure to counternarratives about who does physics and why one does physics significantly increases high school students — especially women ’ s — physics-related career intentions. These counternarratives facilitate making connections with students ’ career plans and help in sensemaking causes for the continued minoritization of women in physics. Two separate studies measured the impacts of these interventions on students ’ physics-related career intentions: f...

Increasing the number of PE at school beneficially affects the fitness performance of early adolescents, and it is advisable to increase thenumber of compulsory PE lessons in the school curriculum.

Abstract Investors and regulators require reliable estimates of physical climate risks for decision-making. While assessing these risks is challenging, several commercial data providers and academics have started to develop firm-level physical risk scores. We compare six physical risk scores. We find a substantial divergence between these scores, also among those based on similar methodologies. We show how this divergence could cause problems when testing whether financial markets are pricing physical risks. Hence, financial markets may not adequately account for the physical risk exposure of ...

Results revealed that the experimental group showed increased fitness and fitness knowledge compared to the control group, showing that the BB PA videos can increase fitness and Fitness knowledge in students.

The long-term trajectories regarding the duration and the level of exercise are associated with greater beneficialCV effects, with even the resumption of discontinued exercise can lead to beneficial CV effects.