Top Research Papers on Water Quality

A Water Quality Index (WQI) is a tool that describes the overall water quality by combining complex and technical water quality information into a single meaningful unitless numerical value. WQIs predict water quality since they reflect the impact of multiple Water Quality Parameters (WQPs) and allow for spatial-temporal comparison of water quality status. Most African countries employ adapted WQIs by modifying the original index (or indices) and propose their concepts for evaluating the quality of surface and groundwater, which is normally accompanied by irregularities. The current review exa...

A highway-bidirectional long short-term memory (Highway-BiLSTM)-based water quality classification tool for potential integration into an edge-enabled water quality monitoring system to facilitate on-site water quality classification and demonstrates rare errors in accurately classifying complex water quality samples.

The study aimed to assess the relationship between surface water quality and the diversity of planktonic communities in An Giang province, Vietnam. The national technical regulations on surface water quality, the water quality index (WQI), and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') were applied to evaluate water quality. The considerable influence of water quality parameters on the dominant plankton was determined by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER). The results showed that water quality was contaminated by organic matter, total suspended sol...

The chloride in water frequently exceeds the standard; directly quoting foreign water-quality criteria (WQC) or standards will inevitably reduce the scientific value of the water-quality standard (WQS) in China. Additionally, this may lead to the under- or overprotection of water bodies. This study summarized the sources, distribution, pollution status, and hazards of chloride in China’s water bodies. Additionally, we compared and analyzed the basis for setting WQS limits for chloride in China; we systematically analyzed the basis for setting the WQC for chloride in foreign countries, especial...

This study assesses the quality of drinking water sources in the highlands of Ethiopia. The study considered a combination of users’ perceptions with the measured water quality parameters determined using the water quality index (WQI) tool. Data were collected using a cross-sectional research design for a household survey, and water quality samples were collected from improved and unimproved alternative sources. Nine physicochemical and two bacteriological analyses were performed. The result shows that esthetic water quality parameters had a potential interpretation of water quality as of the ...

Given the complexity of water quality data sets, water resources pose a significant problem for global public order in terms of water quality protection and management. In this study, surface water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes was evaluated by calculating the Water Quality Index (WQI) and Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) based on nine hydrochemical parameters. The discriminant analysis (DA) method was used to identify the variables that are most responsible for spatial differentiation. The results indicate that the surface water quality for drinking is of poor and very poo...

Surface water quality modelling has become an important means of better understanding aquatic and riparian ecosystem processes at all scales, from the micro-scale (e [...]

Water quality index (WQI) is valuable and unique rating to depict the overall water quality status in a single term that is helpful for the selection of appropriate treatment technique to meet the concerned issues. However, WQI depicts the composite influence of different water quality parameters and communicates water quality information to the public and legislative decision makers. In spite of absence of a globally accepted composite index of water quality, some countries have used and are using aggregated water quality data in the development of water quality indices. Attempts have been ma...

Dams are regarded as crucial pieces of structure that store water for irrigation and municipal uses. Given their vital role, the dam’s water quality assessment is considered to be an important criterion and requires constant monitoring. In this research, we attempted to use two water quality indices (WQIs) methods to assess the water quality of the Keddara Dam, which is located on the Boudouaou River, Algeria, using eleven water quality parameters (temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), full alkalimetric title (TAC), hydrometric title (TH), nitrite ions (NO2−),...

Ground water demand in India has significantly increased as a result of the country's fast population development, industrialization, and urbanization. Using a water quality index, or WQI helpful numerical instrument for deriving complex information from any water body and for reporting and analyzing it. WQI is essentially a mathematical method for calculating a single value from a set of test results. Any WQI model can explain the degree of water contamination with a single number, depending on several of water quality indicators at a particular place and time. In this work, an effort has bee...

Abstract Due to population growth, urbanization, and industrialization, water demands have increased, and the quality of water is degraded. Water quality modeling is a significant tool that aids managers and policymakers in multiscale integrated water resources and environmental management. However, water quality modeling is challenging due to several constraints. The modern application of modeling is essentially utilized by the need to comply with rules and regulations. In view of this, water quality modeling requires the standardization of models, identification of common features of models,...

Water contamination is indeed a worldwide problem that threatens public health, environmental protection, and agricultural productivity. The distinctive attributes of machine learning (ML)-based modelling can provide in-depth understanding into increasing water quality challenges. This study presents the development of a multi-expression programming (MEP) based predictive model for water quality parameters, i.e., electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the upper Indus River at two different outlet locations using 360 readings collected on a monthly basis. The optimized...

Water quality – is a description of water’s chemical and biological composition and physical properties, which characterize it as an abiotic component of aquatic ecosystem and determine its suitability for specific consumption purposes. Ecological water quality (environmental water quality) – refers to the ecological  well-being of  an aquatic ecosystem, with the main focus on protection of the aquatic environment and human life and health. It comprises a complex of physical,  chemical,  biological  and  other  parameters  reflecting specific features of abiotic and biotic components of aquat...

Water resources are equally important for natural ecosystem and human development. It is essential for agriculture, industry and human existence. All life on earth depends on water. Fresh water is a critical, finite, vulnerable, renewable natural resource on the earth and plays as important role in our living environment without it, life is impossible. More than 70% of the Earth's surface is covered with this simple molecule. Scientists estimate that the hydrosphere contains about 1.36 billion cubic kilometers of these substances of physicochemical parameters such as pH, colour, biochemical ox...

Water is a unique and irreplaceable natural resource of limited quantities and uneven spatial and temporal distribution. All life forms and all human activities are more or less related to water, clearly showing the importance of the relationship with water. It is a necessary resource in households as drinking water, washing and food preparation, in agriculture for irrigation, and in industry it plays an important role in almost all industrial processes. Economic development and urbanization lead, on the one hand, to a large increase in water demand, and on the other hand to the threat to wate...

Water Quality Index (WQI) is a grading and classification system. It is used to quantify the overall water quality status of a water resource for a given location and time. This paper aims at comparing the advantages and the limitations across several different types of WQI models (CCMEWQI, NSFWQI, IWQI, WQI Malaysia), in order to provide suggestions to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the WQI models. IWQI and CCMEWQI are fully unbiased due to no weightage, however, statistical technique is recommended to be included in parameter selection step to increase its accuracy. WQI Malaysia is ...

During the last years, natural water resources like ponds, lakes, and rivers have faced a significant threat due to mismanagement of activities like the discharge of untreated industrial effluents, sewage water, wastes, etc. Water plays an essential role in all aspects of our lives. Therefore, detecting water pollutants causing contamination is imperative to sustain the quality of life. Therefore, it became mandatory to examine water quality to ensure that only safe water is available for us and other biological life. Thus, accurate sensors have become increasingly necessary, providing precise...

The physicochemical parameters of water play an important role in determining aquatic life and its development. In this study, the water quality index is used in order to assess the water quality in river Lepenci River. For the calculations of this index, eighteen physicochemical parameters were analysed, which were measured in 3 years during the years 2009, 2010 and 2014 in three stations of the main flow of river Lepenci during all months of the years. From the results, it is concluded that the better quality of water was in station SP1- Brezovica with a WQI value of 83 and it belongs to the...

Water scarcity threatens people in various regions, and has predominantly been studied from a water quantity perspective only. Here we show that global water scarcity is driven by both water quantity and water quality issues, and quantify expansions in clean water technologies (i.e. desalination and treated wastewater reuse) to ‘reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity’ as urgently required by UN’s Sustainable Development Goal 6. Including water quality (i.e. water temperature, salinity, organic pollution and nutrients) contributes to an increase in percentage of world’s popul...

ABSTRACT Water is an essential human resource tied to many social and environmental needs and values. Although water has been a focal point of many environmental justice studies, ambient water quality (i.e. water quality before the tap) has been overlooked. This oversight has resulted in only a partial understanding of how water quality may correlate with communities facing environmental justice issues. We analysed data from the US Environmental Protection Agency STOrage and Retrieval (STORET) database and the 2010 US Census to identify poor ambient water quality within non-white and low-incom...

The design and development of a low cost system for real time monitoring of the water quality in IOT(internet of things) and the sensor data can be viewed on internet using WI-FI system.

The objective of this study is to determine various water characteristics of the Bhima River and its suitability for drinking, followed by a water quality index evaluation. For continuous monitoring, samples were taken at eight locations between October 2020 and September 2021. The physicochemical parameters, such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO42-), phosphate (PO43-), and nitrate (NO3-) were measured. The measured values of these parameters were compared with Indi...

The Niger River, threatened by human activities, is mainly the drinking water source for the population of Bamako city. This study assesses the trend of Niger River pollution in Bamako using the Water Quality Index (WQI). Fourteen parameters, namely Turbidity, Potential of Hydrogen (pH), Electrical Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, Total Dissolved Solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonium, Phosphate, Sulphate, Chloride and Copper, were employed to characterise the Niger River water quality during the period from 2016 to 2020. Parameters ...

Water resource management requires simple tools to enable managers to make decisions. This is the case for water quality indices that provide access to clear, synthetic and well-targeted information. In this study, we have chosen two indices based on two different approaches, the Microbiological Quality Index (MQI), which is determined from bacteriological analyses of water, and the Water Quality Index (WQI), which is based on physicochemical parameters. The Water Quality Index (WQI) shows a longitudinal upstream-downstream variation and ranges from is between five (5) (Null Faecal Contaminati...

Groundwater is one of the major sources of water consumption in developing countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the variations in physicochemical characteristics and metal content and to calculate the Water Quality Index (WQI) to assess the groundwater quality of seven districts (Central, East, West, South, Malir, Korangi, and Kemari) of Karachi City, Pakistan. A stratified sampling approach was used to collect groundwater samples and turbidity, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Nitrate-N, and arsenic concentrations were...

The study aims to build a water quality index that fits the Iraqi aquatic systems and reflects the environmental reality of Iraqi water. The developed Iraqi Water Quality Index (IQWQI) includes physical and chemical components. To build the IQWQI, Delphi method was used to communicate with local and global experts in water quality indices for their opinion regarding the best and most important parameter we can use in building the index and the established weight of each parameter. From the data obtained in this study, 70% were used for building the model and 30% for evaluating the model. Multi...

Water quality has deteriorated in recent years as a result of rising population and unplanned development, impacting ecosystem health. The water quality parameters of Qaroun Lake are contaminated to varying degrees, particularly for aquatic life consumption. For that, the objective of this work is to improve the assessments of surface water quality and to determine the different geo-environmental parameters affecting the lake environmental system in Qaroun Lake utilizing the weighted arithmetic water quality index (WAWQI) and four pollution indices (heavy metal pollution index (HPI), metal ind...

Two water quality indices (WQI) were applied in the Tigris River using thirteen water quality parameters (pH, chlorides, sulfate, nitrate, salts, BOD 5, iron, boron, zinc, lead, cadmium, copper, and chromium) in this study. They were calculated for the six years from 2008 to 2013 and then compared with sets of standard values of river maintaining systems. The results indicated that the water quality of the Tigris River for CCME-WQI was generally “Fair” to “Good” in 2008, 2009, and 2010 (CCME WQI range: 69.67–88.46) for all sites. CCME WQI values fell from “Marginal” to “Fair” in all sites over...

The South-to-North Water Diversion Project’s Eastern Route (SNWDPC-ER) has drawn a lot of attention as one of China’s most significant water diversion projects. This study calculated the water quality index (WQI) to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of water quality in the study area as well as the effects of water diversion, and developed the minimum water quality index (WQImin) model based on stepwise multiple linear regression, using data from 56 monitoring stations along the delivery canal of the SNWDPC-ER (the SNWDPC-delivery ER’s canal) from 2014 to 2018. Here are the find...

In this research, the quality of drainage water was studied by using the water quality index (WQI). Water samples were taken from the Al-Dujaila River and Al-Dujaila drainage. Drainage water was diluted to different ratios with river water to decrease its salinity and increase its potential for agricultural uses. The diluted samples contained between 0 and 100% drainage water, and between 100 and 0% river water, in 10% steps – i.e., 0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5. After dilution of water, chemical properties, ion activities, electrical conductivity (EC), soil reactio...

Surface water quality management is an important facet of the effort to meet increasing demand for water. For that purpose, water quality must be monitored and assessed via the use of innovative techniques, such as water quality indices (WQIs), spectral reflectance indices (SRIs), and multivariate modeling. Throughout the Rosetta and Damietta branches of the Nile River, water samples were collected, and WQIs were assessed at 51 different distinct locations. The drinking water quality index (DWQI), metal index (MI), pollution index (PI), turbidity (Turb.) and total suspended solids (TSS) were a...

: In the present study agricultural irrigation water sample were analysed to evaluate its physicochemical profile. Normally farmers get the soil quality tasted for selection of crops but the irrigation water quality is rarely tasted. Present study was undertaken in village Viramgaon , Tal. Khultabad, Dist. Aurangabad. Selection of samples done randomly from different gut numbers of total farm area. Ten Bore well samples were taken for the study and analysed for physical and chemical parameters like pH, Salinity, Na, Ca, Mg, Co 3 , HCo 3 ,Cl, So 4, Sodium Absorption ratio and Residual sodium ca...

There is an urgent need for transdisciplinary research works, which integrates both biophysical world with socio-economic dimensions to see how they impact hydrological cycle as well as human well-being.

The problem of drinking water quality is common in developing countries. While a piped water supply is available in many parts of Fiche, Ethiopia, the water may be contaminated in the distribution system and thus, continuous quality assessment is required to ensure safe drinking water for the community. Instrumental and spectrophotometric methods were used to analyze the chemical characteristics including dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, ammonia, iron and manganese. The weighted arithmetic water quality index method was applied to assess the w...

Received: 18/4/2021 The Ray River is a critical surface water system which serves for domestic, industrial and agricultural activities running through Dong Nai province, and Ba Ria Vung Tau province, located in Southeast region in Vietnam. The water quality of the river has increasingly gained attention among scholars due to seriously threatened by effluents from diverse activities such as recreational area, domestic activities, industrial zone and pig farming, as well as fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural activities. In this study, we aim at evaluation of the surface water quality i...

To detect the degradation of clean water, it is necessary to characterize its quality through water quality indices using seasonal water sampling and analysis. In the present study, the initialization of the monitoring by surface and dam water sampling was conducted in multiple areas of Greece, including the Eastern Thermaikos Gulf, Mouriki, and Marathonas basins, during both the dry and wet periods of 2022. The dam reservoirs were also monitored by capturing their orthomosaic mapping. The classification of the samples according to the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment Water Quality...

In southwest coastal Bangladesh, surface water is a crucial basis both for domestic and irrigation purposes. This study investigated the water quality of the Jhapjhapia River, Khulna, Bangladesh using the Water Quality Index (WQI). For many purposes like agriculture, fish farming, and household and industrial activities, surrounding people depend on these water sources. Hence, this study examined the physico-chemical attributes and Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) of three (03) different stations, collected during the monsoon and winter seasons. Among the investigated parameters...

Continuous groundwater quality monitoring is crucial for ensuring safe drinking and irrigation by mitigating risks from geochemical contaminants through appropriate treatment methods. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to assess the suitability of groundwater collected from Lucknow, India, for both drinking and irrigation. Forty samples were collected from different sites within the study area to evaluate groundwater quality. Various parameters such as pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), chlorides (Cl−), total alkalinity, total hardness, sulphate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−...

Changes in human-dominated spatial patterns of land use are the main driving factors of water quality evolution in watersheds, and the quantitative impact of land use changes on water quality is currently a focus of lake ecology research. Using the Junshan Lake Basin as a study area, this paper quantitatively analyzes the response relationships between the water quality parameters, land use, and socio-economic factors in the study area from 2005 to 2019 and predicts the water quality in 2035 based on land and space planning scenarios. The results show the following. (1) The land use structur...

Water is a natural resource of fundamental importance and supports all life forms. The study evaluated the water quality of River Kaduna using the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Water Quality Index. The study covered both raining and dry seasons in 10 sampling points. Water parameters analysed were turbidity, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, TDS and Ni using standard laboratory techniques. The data obtained were used to develop Water Quality Index (WQI) across the 10 sampling points and results showed that the water quality at ...

This study used the weighted mathematical model to assess the quality of water produced from the desalination station of Hawija district from 3 sites of the raw water source and 7 sites from the treatment station and the distribution network). The study was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022. The first group of the plantations or cites includes feeding streams which are cites 1 and 2. The 7 sites were divided into two groups. The second group included the sites inside the station which were 3, 4, and 5. The values ​​of the water quality coefficient varied in relation to the stages of w...

After inundation, water quality surveys were designed and implemented during November 2005 to September 2006 at six locations, 4 in the Hor Al-Hammar (Al-Barga, Al-Nagara and Al-Baghdadia 1 and 2) the other 2 locations in Hor Al-Hwaaiza (Um Al-Warid and Um Al-Neiach). The sampling locations were selected to cover the distribution of the pollutants in these marshes. Physical and chemical stressors including the natural water quality parameters, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (E...

Kelantan River is the main river in Kelantan, and it has been used for water sources for irrigation, small-scale fishing industries, transportation, and sand mining. WQI is a comprehensive method for displaying water quality status and achieving good water quality. This study is aims to identify the significant difference in water quality index (WQI) parameters and the correlation between WQI parameters in urban, suburban, and residential area along the Kelantan River from 2015 until 2019. Water quality stations in urban, suburban, and residential areas were selected with facilitation of ArcMa...

: The article presents an assessment of the effects of anthropogenic activities on the quality of water in four streams flowing through a camp based on a combined assessment of environmental impacts and the water quality index. The quantitative and qualitative assessment of environmental impact was made after identifying the anthropogenic activities carried out in the camp. The water quality index ( WQI ) was calculated after monitoring seventeen physicochemical and microbiological variables and the Montoya index was applied. The samples were collected during 48 sampling campaigns, organised o...

Water is the matrix of life and is indispensable on Earth. Water has a multitude of applications and all known life forms depend on it. Therefore, water quality is important for all of us. Water quality can be represented by a set of physical, chemical, biological and bacteriological characteristics. These parameters allow water to be classified in multiple categories leading to its use for a specific purpose. This chapter establishes the connections between external causes and their effect on water quality parameters. In order to provide information on water quality, different Water Quality I...

Leneng River is one of the rivers in Praya City, Central Lombok Regency, which receives domestic, agricultural, and household industrial waste. Various community activities along the banks of the Leneng River have affected river water quality. Some communities on the banks of the Leneng River, from upstream to downstream, still use river water for their daily needs. This study aims to 1) analyze the water quality of the Leneng River in terms of environmental parameters (Physical, chemical, and biological) and 2) Determine the level of pollution of the Leneng River water using the Pollution Ind...

This study delves into how AI can be applied within water and environmental engineering research, emphasizing the utilization of machine learning models to advance the accuracy of water quality predictions in the Delaware River through an analysis of time series data spanning from 2020 to 2022.

The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) is the primary conservation program on working agricultural land. The United States Department of Agriculture obligated over $15 billion through EQIP cost-sharing contracts during the fiscal years 2009 – 2019. The voluntary nature of the program and the lack of performance assessment have led to speculations regarding the effectiveness of the program in delivering environmental benefits, in particular for improving water quality. This study provides quantitative estimates of the influence of EQIP payments on local water quality at a national ...

This study showed that the proposed models can accurately classify water quality and found that the MLP algorithm achieved the highest accuracy for WQC prediction as compared to other algorithms.

It is reported that UOGD has increased salt concentrations in surface waters across the United States, and the findings have broad implications for research and policy going forward.